http://www.slader.com/textbook/9780131818903-magruders-american-government/144/
Click on the following links to find review information: https://quizlet.com/3005480/magruders-american-government-chapter-5-flash-cards/
http://www.slader.com/textbook/9780131818903-magruders-american-government/144/
0 Comments
- Why do the major parties have a decentralized structure? • How does the national party machinery and the State and local party machinery operates? • What are the three components of the parties? • What are the future possibilities for the major parties? The Decentralized Nature Of the Parties Both of the major parties are Highly decentralized And fragmented. • The party out of power lacks a strong leader. • The federal system distributes powers widely, in turn causing the parties to be decentralized. • The nominating process pits party members against one another because only one person can chosen to be the party’s presidential candidate. All five elements of both major parties work together loosely to achieve the party’s goals. •The National Convention: meet to pick presidential and VP nominee •The National Committee: found in each state/territory •The National Chairperson: leader of national committee who have 4-yr term and picked by presidential candidate •Two Congressional Campaign Committees: in each house of Congress to help reelect incumbents and serve 2 years Vocab incumbent is the current officeholder faction or conflicting groups electorate the people eligible to vote sectionalism emphasizes a devotion to the interests of a particular region American Parties: Four Major Eras The Era of the Democrats, 1800 - 1860•Started with Jefferson in 1800 •The were unopposed until the 1820s when the party split into factions •The Whig party led by Henry Clay were the major opponents until the Civil War •During the Democratic Era: –Voting for white males was established –Huge increase in the number of elected offices –Spread of the spoils system The Era of the Republicans, 1860 - 1932 •Started with Abraham Lincoln in 1860 •After the Civil War, the Democrats only hold was the “Solid South” •McKinley’s victory in 1896 drew a broader range of electorate and helped Republicans to dominate even more •In 1912 Republicans nominated Taft and not Theodore Roosevelt so he went to the Progressive Party and the vote was split so Democrat Woodrow Wilson won •The GOP regained its ground winning the next 3 elections The Return of the Democrats, 1932 - 1968 •During the Great Depression people voted Democrat FDR •FDR’s New Deal strengthened the Democratic Party and got them the support of the African American community •FDR won 3 terms until his death •Eisenhower won for the Republicans from 1952-56 •JFK regained the Presidency for the Democrats in 1960 The Start of a New Era, 1968 - present •The Republicans regained power in 1968 with Nixon until the Watergate Scandal in 1974 •In 1976 Jimmy Carter won for the Democrats after the Watergate Scandal and pardon of Nixon hurt Gerald Ford •Republicans won again in 1980 & 84 with Reagan and held it with George Bush in 1988 •Democrats won in 1992 & 96 with Clinton •Republicans got it back in 2000 & 04 with George W. Bush -Democrats won in 2008 & 2012 with Barack Obama Review Questions:
The two-party system developed in the United States mainly because a. the Constitution established a democratic government. b. conflicts about the Constitution created opposing viewpoints. c. leaders and voters agreed on the existence of two parties. d. it was voted on and approved by both houses of Congress. The era of one-party domination that began in 1968 was different from past eras of one-party domination because a. the Republican party gained no new members in Congress. b. the Democratic party gained no new members in Congress. c. one party controlled Congress while the other controlled the presidency. d. minor parties interfered with the power of the Republican party. Answers: B / C Historical Basis •The framers didn’t want political parties but they were first formed with the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists •The nation has always had a two-party system, and it will continue to have one because Americans accept it Electoral System •Single-member districts work to discourage minor parties – encouraging the two-party system •Much of American election law is written to discourage minor parties •Republicans and Democrats work together to preserve the two-party system •Non-major candidates have made it to the ballot everywhere in only seven presidential elections American Ideological Consensus •Over time, Americans have come to share many of the same ideals, principles, and patterns of belief –This causes American society and politics to simply not permit more that two major parties –This also causes the two major parties to be very much alike, both trying to go down the middle to get the most votes •There are however, some significant differences between Democrats and Republicans Multiparty System •In many European democracies •Consists of several major and many lesser parties •Various parties are based on particular interests –Economic class, religion, etc. •Makes for a broader and more diverse representation •Sometimes causes the power to govern to be shared by many parties (coalition) One-Party System •In dictatorships •Example of states in U.S. having one-party systems is the Democrats until the 1950s in the “Solid South” •1/3 of states still have a modified one-party system in which on major party always wins Party Membership Patterns •Being a member of a party is voluntary •Each party comprised of a cross section of the nation’s population •African Americans, Catholics, Jews, and union members tend to be more Democratic •White males, Protestants, and the business community tend to be more Republican •Decide which party by: family, major events, economic status, age, education, and job Review Questions
A multi-party system a. tends to produce a stable government. b. helps one party win the support of a majority of voters. c. is composed of parties with special interests. d. promotes the ideological consensus of the public. Which of the following is NOT one of the three main elements of the major parties in terms of the roles of their members? a. the party organization b. the party in the electorate c. the party media consultants d. the party in government A one-party system a. is what the United States has today. b. creates an unstable government. c. exists in nearly all dictatorships today. d. results in democracy. Answers: C / C / C What do Parties do? Nominating Candidates: name candidates for political office Informing and Activating Supporters: try to inform and inspire voters Bonding Agent Function: ensure the good performance of its candidate, make sure that there candidate is both qualified and of good character Governing: government conducts much of their business on the basis of partisanship Watchdog: party out of power keeps an eye on the party in power and attempts to convince the voters to vote the party in power out. Review Questions
In the United States, a political party is made up of a group of people who a. disagree on how to resolve the basic issues affecting the country. b. work to get candidates elected to political offices. c. work separately to support one major program or policy. d. support split-ticket voting. Which of the following is NOT a major function of either of the two major parties in the United States? a. To keep the general public informed about key issues. b. To monitor the conduct of its candidates in office. c. To assure the qualifications of candidates for office. d. To unite people and concentrate solely on one public policy matter. The functions of the major parties in United States politics include a. nominating candidates for office. b. insuring the good performance of their elected candidates. c. providing a mechanism for the conduct of government. d. all of the above. Answers: B / D / D See Google Classroom for links to review information
Your State Government test is April 25th at 7:25am. Good Luck! You will do great! Click the link to review: oh-ost.portal.cambiumast.com/families.html Click the link: study.com/academy/course/ohio-state-test-american-government-practice-study-guide.html Your Test is on April 25th at 7:30am. Get a good nights sleep the two nights before. During the test take your time and do your best on every question. You will do great! Good luck.
• What are the major Federal and State limits on raising revenue? • What are the four principles of sound taxation? • What are the major tax and nontax sources of State and local revenue? • How can we describe the State budget process? Limits on Raising Revenue Federal Limitations States cannot raise revenue from: • interstate and foreign commerce • the Federal Government and its agencies • any unfairly imposed or administered tax • taxes that require confiscated property • taxes imposed for other than public purposes State Limitations State constitutions limit the State and local taxing powers. • Most constitutions create tax exempt groups. • State codes often set maximum rates for levies. • Some taxes are prohibited. The Principles of Sound Taxation • Subjects contribute in proportion to their abilities. • Taxes are certain and not arbitrary. • Taxes are levied at a time and in a manner convenient to the contributor. • Taxes should not take much more money from the people than government needs. Sources of Revenue See above picture on sources of Revenue The Budget Process • Each agency prepares estimates of its needs for the upcoming year. • Estimates are reviewed by an executive budget agency. • The revised estimates and supporting information are presented as the governor’s budget. • The budget is considered part by part, funds are appropriated, and revenue measures passed by the legislature. • The governor supervises the execution of the budget approved by the legislature. • The execution of the budget is checked independently by auditors. • Why do State governments have a major role in providing important services? • What types of services do State and local governments provide? • Why do the amount and types of services available to citizens vary greatly from State to State? State Government’s Role • The U.S. Constitution reserves to the States all the powers not expressly delegated to Congress and not specifically denied to the States. • State responsibilities are to "establish Justice, ensure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty." State and Local Services Money spent on things like: Education, Public Welfare, Public Safety, Highways, Solid Waste and Sewage, Housing, Parks and Recreation and Natural Resources Variations in Services • State and local governments vary in the amount and types of services they offer according to the degree of urbanization. • They also vary according to physical geography (energy supplies, agricultural resources, and proximity to transportation networks and major markets). |
Archives
April 2024
Categories
All
|